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Geosaurus
''Geosaurus'' is an extinct genus of marine crocodyliform within the family Metriorhynchidae, that lived during the Late Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous. ''Geosaurus'' was a carnivore that spent much, if not all, its life out at sea. No ''Geosaurus'' eggs or nests have been discovered, so little is known of the reptile's lifecycle, unlike other large marine reptiles of the Mesozoic, such as plesiosaurs or ichthyosaurs which are known to give birth to live young out at sea. Where ''Geosaurus'' mated, whether on land or at sea, is currently unknown. The name ''Geosaurus'' means "Mother of Giants lizard", and is derived from the Greek ''Ge''- ("Earth", the mythical mother of the Giants) and -''sauros'' ("lizard"). The name ''Geosaurus'' was established by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1824.〔Cuvier G. 1824. Sur les ossements fossiles de crocodiles, 5. In: Dufour & D'Occagne, eds. ''Recherches sur les ossements fossiles, 2nd édition''. Paris: 143-160〕
== Description ==
''Geosaurus'' was a large, marine reptile of the group Crurotarsi, the line leading to modern crocodilians. Specifically, it was a "marine crocodile", or thalattosuchian. ''Geosaurus'' was similar in appearance to the related ''Dakosaurus'' with a relatively short skull and curved teeth designed for slashing, which it likely used to attack large prey.
Many early depictions of ''Geosaurus'' were based on a nearly complete specimen described by Eberhard Fraas, which Fraas classified as a distinct species of ''Geosaurus'', ''G. suevicus''. This specimen was found in Germany and dated to the late Jurassic (Late Kimmeridgian) period.〔Fraas E. 1901. Die Meerkrokodile (Thalattosuchia n. g.) eine neue Sauriergruppe der Juraformation. ''Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde, Württemberg'' 57: 409-418.〕 ''G. suevicus'' had a distinctively long, narrow snout filled with small, pointed teeth very different from skulls belonging to the type species. Further study and a re-description of ''Geosaurus'' published in 2009 showed that these long-snouted form actually represent individuals of ''Cricosaurus''.〔Young, Mark T., and Marco Brandalise de Andrade, 2009. "What is ''Geosaurus''? Redescription of ''Geosaurus giganteus'' (Thalattosuchia: Metriorhynchidae) from the Upper Jurassic of Bayern, Germany." ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'', 157: 551-585.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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